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                    Go 开发环境的基本要求
            
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                    Go 性能说明
            
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                    常量
            
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                    变量
            
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                    时间和日期
            
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                    测试多返回值函数的错误
            
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                    switch 结构
            
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                    for 结构
            
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                    Break 与 continue
            
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                    函数（function）
            
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                    函数参数与返回值
            
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                    传递变长参数
            
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                    defer 和追踪
            
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                    内置函数
            
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                    将函数作为参数
            
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                    闭包
            
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                    应用闭包：将函数作为返回值
            
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                    使用闭包调试
            
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                    计算函数执行时间
            
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                    通过内存缓存来提升性能
            
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                    数组与切片
            
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                    声明和初始化
            
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                    切片
            
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                    For-range 结构
            
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                    切片的复制与追加
            
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                    字符串、数组和切片的应用
            
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                    Map
            
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                    声明、初始化和 make
            
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                    测试键值对是否存在及删除元素
            
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                    for-range 的配套用法
            
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                    map 类型的切片
            
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                    map 的排序
            
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                    将 map 的键值对调
            
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                    标准库概述
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.3.html">
    
                    
                    锁和 sync 包
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.4.html">
  
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                    精密计算和 big 包
            
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</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.5.html">
  
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                    自定义包和可见性
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.6.html">
  
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                    为自定义包使用 godoc
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.7.html">
  
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                    使用 go install 安装自定义包
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.8.html">
  
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                    自定义包的目录结构、go install 和 go test
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.9.html">
  
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                    通过 Git 打包和安装
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.10" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.10.html">
  
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                    Go 的外部包和项目
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.6.11" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/09.11.html">
  
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                    在 Go 程序中使用外部库
            
    </a>
    

    
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    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.0.html">
  
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                    结构（struct）与方法（method）
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.1.html">
  
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                    结构体定义
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.2.html">
  
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                    使用工厂方法创建结构体实例
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.3.html">
  
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                    使用自定义包中的结构体
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.4.html">
  
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                    带标签的结构体
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.5.html">
  
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                    匿名字段和内嵌结构体
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.6.html">
  
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                    方法
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.7.html">
  
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                    类型的 String() 方法和格式化描述符
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.7.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/10.8.html">
  
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                    垃圾回收和 SetFinalizer
            
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</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.0.html">
  
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                    接口（interface）与反射（reflection）
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.1.html">
  
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                    接口是什么
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.2.html">
  
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                    接口嵌套接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.3.html">
  
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                    类型断言：如何检测和转换接口变量的类型
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.4.html">
  
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                    类型判断：type-switch
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.5.html">
  
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                    测试一个值是否实现了某个接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.6.html">
  
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                    使用方法集与接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.7.html">
    
                    
                    第一个例子：使用 Sorter 接口排序
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.8.html">
  
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                    第二个例子：读和写
            
    </a>
    

    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.9.html">
  
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                    空接口
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.10.html">
  
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                    反射包
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.11.html">
  
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                    Printf 和反射
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.12.html">
  
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                    接口与动态类型
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.13.html">
  
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                    总结：Go 中的面向对象
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3.8.9.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/11.14.html">
  
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                    结构体、集合和高阶函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4" >
  
      <span>
            
                    
                    第三部分：Go 高级编程
            
    </span>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.0.html">
  
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                    读写数据
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.1.html">
  
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                    读取用户的输入
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.2.html">
  
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                    文件读写
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.3.html">
  
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                    文件拷贝
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.4.html">
  
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                    从命令行读取参数
            
    </a>
    

    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.5.html">
  
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                    用 buffer 读取文件
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.6.html">
  
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                    用切片读写文件
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.7.html">
  
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                    用 defer 关闭文件
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.8.html">
  
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                    使用接口的实际例子：fmt.Fprintf
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.9.html">
  
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                    格式化 JSON 数据
            
    </a>
    

    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.10" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.10.html">
  
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                    XML 数据格式
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.11" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.11.html">
  
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                    用 Gob 传输数据
            
    </a>
    

    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.1.12" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/12.12.html">
  
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                    Go 中的密码学
            
    </a>
    

    
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    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.0.html">
  
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                    错误处理与测试
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.1" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.1.html">
  
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                    错误处理
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.2" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.2.html">
  
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                    运行时异常和 panic
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.3" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.3.html">
  
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                    从 panic 中恢复（Recover）
            
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</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.4" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.4.html">
  
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                    自定义包中的错误处理和 panicking
            
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</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.5" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.5.html">
  
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                    一种用闭包处理错误的模式
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.6" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.6.html">
  
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                    启动外部命令和程序
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.7" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.7.html">
  
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                    Go 中的单元测试和基准测试
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.8" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.8.html">
  
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                    测试的具体例子
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.9" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.9.html">
  
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                    用（测试数据）表驱动测试
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.4.2.10" data-path="../../the-way-to-go/eBook/13.10.html">
  
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                    性能调试：分析并优化 Go 程序
            
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</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="../../gopl/">
  
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                    Go语言圣经
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1" data-path="../../gopl/preface.html">
  
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                    前言
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-01.html">
  
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                    Go语言起源
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-02.html">
  
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                    Go语言项目
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-03.html">
  
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                    本书的组织
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-04.html">
  
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                    更多的信息
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch0/ch0-05.html">
  
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                    致谢
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1.html">
  
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                    入门
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-01.html">
  
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                    Hello, World
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-02.html">
  
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                    命令行参数
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-03.html">
  
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                    查找重复的行
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-04.html">
  
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                    GIF动画
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-05.html">
  
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                    获取URL
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-06.html">
  
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                    并发获取多个URL
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-07.html">
  
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                    Web服务
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch1/ch1-08.html">
  
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                    本章要点
            
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    </ul>
    
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2.html">
  
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                    程序结构
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-01.html">
  
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                    命名
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-02.html">
  
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                    声明
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-03.html">
  
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                    变量
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-04.html">
  
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                    赋值
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-05.html">
  
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                    类型
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-06.html">
  
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                    包和文件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch2/ch2-07.html">
    
                    
                    作用域
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3.html">
    
                    
                    基础数据类型
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-01.html">
    
                    
                    整型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-02.html">
    
                    
                    浮点数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-03.html">
    
                    
                    复数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-04.html">
    
                    
                    布尔型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-05.html">
    
                    
                    字符串
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch3/ch3-06.html">
    
                    
                    常量
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4.html">
    
                    
                    复合数据类型
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-01.html">
    
                    
                    数组
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-02.html">
    
                    
                    Slice
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-03.html">
    
                    
                    Map
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-04.html">
    
                    
                    结构体
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-05.html">
    
                    
                    JSON
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch4/ch4-06.html">
    
                    
                    文本和HTML模板
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5.html">
    
                    
                    函数
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-01.html">
    
                    
                    函数声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-02.html">
    
                    
                    递归
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-03.html">
    
                    
                    多返回值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-04.html">
    
                    
                    错误
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-05.html">
    
                    
                    函数值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-06.html">
    
                    
                    匿名函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-07.html">
    
                    
                    可变参数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-08.html">
    
                    
                    Deferred函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-09.html">
    
                    
                    Panic异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.6.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch5/ch5-10.html">
    
                    
                    Recover捕获异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6.html">
    
                    
                    方法
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-01.html">
    
                    
                    方法声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-02.html">
    
                    
                    基于指针对象的方法
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-03.html">
    
                    
                    通过嵌入结构体来扩展类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-04.html">
    
                    
                    方法值和方法表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-05.html">
    
                    
                    示例: Bit数组
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.7.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch6/ch6-06.html">
    
                    
                    封装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7.html">
    
                    
                    接口
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-01.html">
    
                    
                    接口是合约
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-02.html">
    
                    
                    接口类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-03.html">
    
                    
                    实现接口的条件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-04.html">
    
                    
                    flag.Value接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-05.html">
    
                    
                    接口值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-06.html">
    
                    
                    sort.Interface接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-07.html">
    
                    
                    http.Handler接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-08.html">
    
                    
                    error接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-09.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 表达式求值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-10.html">
    
                    
                    类型断言
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.11" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-11.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-11.html">
    
                    
                    基于类型断言识别错误类型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.12" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-12.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-12.html">
    
                    
                    通过类型断言查询接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.13" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-13.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-13.html">
    
                    
                    类型分支
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.14" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-14.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-14.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 基于标记的XML解码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.8.15" data-path="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-15.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch7/ch7-15.html">
    
                    
                    补充几点
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines和Channels
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-01.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-02.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Clock服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-03.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Echo服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-04.html">
    
                    
                    Channels
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-05.html">
    
                    
                    并发的循环
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的Web爬虫
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-07.html">
    
                    
                    基于select的多路复用
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-08.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的目录遍历
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-09.html">
    
                    
                    并发的退出
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.9.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch8/ch8-10.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 聊天服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9.html">
    
                    
                    基于共享变量的并发
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-01.html">
    
                    
                    竞争条件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-02.html">
    
                    
                    sync.Mutex互斥锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-03.html">
    
                    
                    sync.RWMutex读写锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-04.html">
    
                    
                    内存同步
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-05.html">
    
                    
                    sync.Once惰性初始化
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-06.html">
    
                    
                    竞争条件检测
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-07.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.10.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch9/ch9-08.html">
    
                    
                    Goroutines和线程
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10.html">
    
                    
                    包和工具
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-01.html">
    
                    
                    包简介
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-02.html">
    
                    
                    导入路径
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-03.html">
    
                    
                    包声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-04.html">
    
                    
                    导入声明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-05.html">
    
                    
                    包的匿名导入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-06.html">
    
                    
                    包和命名
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.11.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch10/ch10-07.html">
    
                    
                    工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11.html">
    
                    
                    测试
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-01.html">
    
                    
                    go test
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-02.html">
    
                    
                    测试函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-03.html">
    
                    
                    测试覆盖率
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-04.html">
    
                    
                    基准测试
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-05.html">
    
                    
                    剖析
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.12.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch11/ch11-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12.html">
    
                    
                    反射
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-01.html">
    
                    
                    为何需要反射?
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-02.html">
    
                    
                    reflect.Type和reflect.Value
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-03.html">
    
                    
                    Display递归打印
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-04.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 编码S表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-05.html">
    
                    
                    通过reflect.Value修改值
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.6" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-06.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-06.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 解码S表达式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.7" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-07.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-07.html">
    
                    
                    获取结构体字段标签
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.8" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-08.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-08.html">
    
                    
                    显示一个类型的方法集
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.13.9" data-path="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-09.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch12/ch12-09.html">
    
                    
                    几点忠告
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13.html">
    
                    
                    底层编程
            
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.1" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-01.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-01.html">
    
                    
                    unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.2" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-02.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-02.html">
    
                    
                    unsafe.Pointer
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.3" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-03.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-03.html">
    
                    
                    示例: 深度相等判断
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.4" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-04.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-04.html">
    
                    
                    通过cgo调用C代码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.14.5" data-path="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-05.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/ch13/ch13-05.html">
    
                    
                    几点忠告
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix.html">
    
                    
                    附录
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.1" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
    
                    
                    附录A：原文勘误
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.2" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
    
                    
                    附录B：作者译者
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.3" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
    
                    
                    附录C：译文授权
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.15.4" data-path="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
  
  <a href="../../gopl/appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
    
                    
                    附录D：其它语言
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/">
    
                    
                    Go Web 编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.0.html">
    
                    
                    Go环境配置
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.1.html">
    
                    
                    Go安装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.2.html">
    
                    
                    GOPATH 与工作空间
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go 命令
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.4.html">
    
                    
                    Go开发工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/01.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.0.html">
    
                    
                    Go语言基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.1.html">
    
                    
                    你好，Go
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go基础
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.3.html">
    
                    
                    流程和函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.4.html">
    
                    
                    struct
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.5.html">
    
                    
                    面向对象
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.6.html">
    
                    
                    interface
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.7.html">
    
                    
                    并发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.8" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.8.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/02.8.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.0.html">
    
                    
                    Web基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.1.html">
    
                    
                    web工作方式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go搭建一个简单的web服务
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go如何使得web工作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.4.html">
    
                    
                    Go的http包详解
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/03.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.0.html">
    
                    
                    表单
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.1.html">
    
                    
                    处理表单的输入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.2.html">
    
                    
                    验证表单的输入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.3.html">
    
                    
                    预防跨站脚本
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.4.html">
    
                    
                    防止多次递交表单
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.5.html">
    
                    
                    处理文件上传
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/04.6.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.0.html">
    
                    
                    访问数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.1.html">
    
                    
                    database/sql接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.2.html">
    
                    
                    使用MySQL数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.3.html">
    
                    
                    使用SQLite数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.4.html">
    
                    
                    使用PostgreSQL数据库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.5.html">
    
                    
                    使用beedb库进行ORM开发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.6.html">
    
                    
                    NOSQL数据库操作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/05.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.0.html">
    
                    
                    session和数据存储
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.1.html">
    
                    
                    session和cookie
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.2.html">
    
                    
                    Go如何使用session
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.3.html">
    
                    
                    session存储
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.4.html">
    
                    
                    预防session劫持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/06.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.0.html">
    
                    
                    文本文件处理
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.1.html">
    
                    
                    XML处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.2.html">
    
                    
                    JSON处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.3.html">
    
                    
                    正则处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.4.html">
    
                    
                    模板处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.5.html">
    
                    
                    文件操作
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.6.html">
    
                    
                    字符串处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.7.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/07.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.0.html">
    
                    
                    Web服务
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.1.html">
    
                    
                    Socket编程
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.2.html">
    
                    
                    WebSocket
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.3.html">
    
                    
                    REST
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.4.html">
    
                    
                    RPC
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.8.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/08.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.0.html">
    
                    
                    安全与加密
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.1.html">
    
                    
                    预防CSRF攻击
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.2.html">
    
                    
                    确保输入过滤
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.3.html">
    
                    
                    避免XSS攻击
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.4.html">
    
                    
                    避免SQL注入
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.5.html">
    
                    
                    存储密码
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.6.html">
    
                    
                    加密和解密数据
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.9.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/09.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.0.html">
    
                    
                    国际化和本地化
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.1.html">
    
                    
                    设置默认地区
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.2.html">
    
                    
                    本地化资源
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.3.html">
    
                    
                    国际化站点
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.10.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/10.4.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.0.html">
    
                    
                    错误处理，调试和测试
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.1.html">
    
                    
                    错误处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.2.html">
    
                    
                    使用GDB调试
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.3.html">
    
                    
                    Go怎么写测试用例
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.11.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/11.4.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.0.html">
    
                    
                    部署与维护
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.1.html">
    
                    
                    应用日志
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.2.html">
    
                    
                    网站错误处理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.3.html">
    
                    
                    应用部署
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.4.html">
    
                    
                    备份和恢复
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.12.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/12.5.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.0.html">
    
                    
                    如何设计一个Web框架
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.1.html">
    
                    
                    项目规划
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.2.html">
    
                    
                    自定义路由器设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.3.html">
    
                    
                    controller设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.4.html">
    
                    
                    日志和配置设计
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.5.html">
    
                    
                    实现博客的增删改
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.13.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/13.6.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.0.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.0.html">
    
                    
                    扩展Web框架
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.1" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.1.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.1.html">
    
                    
                    静态文件支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.2" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.2.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.2.html">
    
                    
                    Session支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.3" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.3.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.3.html">
    
                    
                    表单支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.4" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.4.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.4.html">
    
                    
                    用户认证
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.5" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.5.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.5.html">
    
                    
                    多语言支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.6" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.6.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.6.html">
    
                    
                    pprof支持
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.14.7" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.7.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/14.7.html">
    
                    
                    小结
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.15" data-path="../../build-web-application-with-golang/ref.html">
  
  <a href="../../build-web-application-with-golang/ref.html">
    
                    
                    参考资料
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../">
  
  <a href="../">
    
                    
                    Go语言高级编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../ch1-basic/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第1章 语言基础
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-01-genesis.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-01-genesis.html">
    
                    
                    1.1 Go语言创世纪
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-02-hello-revolution.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-02-hello-revolution.html">
    
                    
                    1.2 Hello, World 的革命
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.3" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-03-array-string-and-slice.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-03-array-string-and-slice.html">
    
                    
                    1.3 数组、字符串和切片
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.4" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-04-func-method-interface.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-04-func-method-interface.html">
    
                    
                    1.4 函数、方法和接口
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.5" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-05-mem.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-05-mem.html">
    
                    
                    1.5 面向并发的内存模型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.6" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-06-goroutine.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-06-goroutine.html">
    
                    
                    1.6 常见的并发模式
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.7" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-07-error-and-panic.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-07-error-and-panic.html">
    
                    
                    1.7 错误和异常
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.8" data-path="../ch1-basic/ch1-08-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch1-basic/ch1-08-ext.html">
    
                    
                    1.8 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../ch2-cgo/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第2章 CGO编程
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-01-hello-cgo.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-01-hello-cgo.html">
    
                    
                    2.1 快速入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-02-basic.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-02-basic.html">
    
                    
                    2.2 CGO基础
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.3" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-03-cgo-types.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-03-cgo-types.html">
    
                    
                    2.3 类型转换
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.4" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-04-func.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-04-func.html">
    
                    
                    2.4 函数调用
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.5" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-05-internal.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-05-internal.html">
    
                    
                    2.5 内部机制
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.6" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-06-qsort.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-06-qsort.html">
    
                    
                    2.6 实战: 封装qsort
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.7" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-07-memory.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-07-memory.html">
    
                    
                    2.7 CGO内存模型
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.8" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-08-class.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-08-class.html">
    
                    
                    2.8 C++类包装
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.9" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-09-static-shared-lib.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-09-static-shared-lib.html">
    
                    
                    2.9 静态库和动态库
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.10" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-10-link.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-10-link.html">
    
                    
                    2.10 编译和链接参数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.11" data-path="../ch2-cgo/ch2-11-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch2-cgo/ch2-11-ext.html">
    
                    
                    2.11 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../ch3-asm/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第3章 汇编语言
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.1" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-01-basic.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-01-basic.html">
    
                    
                    3.1 快速入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.2" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-02-arch.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-02-arch.html">
    
                    
                    3.2 计算机结构
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.3" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-03-const-and-var.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-03-const-and-var.html">
    
                    
                    3.3 常量和全局变量
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.4" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-04-func.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-04-func.html">
    
                    
                    3.4 函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.5" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-05-control-flow.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-05-control-flow.html">
    
                    
                    3.5 控制流
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.6" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-06-func-again.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-06-func-again.html">
    
                    
                    3.6 再论函数
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.7" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-07-hack-asm.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-07-hack-asm.html">
    
                    
                    3.7 汇编语言的威力
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.8" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-08-goroutine-id.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-08-goroutine-id.html">
    
                    
                    3.8 例子：Goroutine ID
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.9" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-09-debug.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-09-debug.html">
    
                    
                    3.9 Delve调试器
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.10" data-path="../ch3-asm/ch3-10-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch3-asm/ch3-10-ext.html">
    
                    
                    3.10 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="../ch4-rpc/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第4章 RPC和Protobuf
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.1" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-01-rpc-intro.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-01-rpc-intro.html">
    
                    
                    4.1 RPC入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.2" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-02-pb-intro.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-02-pb-intro.html">
    
                    
                    4.2 Protobuf
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.3" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-03-netrpc-hack.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-03-netrpc-hack.html">
    
                    
                    4.3 玩转RPC
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.4" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-04-grpc.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-04-grpc.html">
    
                    
                    4.4 GRPC入门
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.5" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-05-grpc-hack.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-05-grpc-hack.html">
    
                    
                    4.5 GRPC进阶
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.6" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-06-grpc-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-06-grpc-ext.html">
    
                    
                    4.6 GRPC和Protobuf扩展
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.7" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-07-pbgo.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-07-pbgo.html">
    
                    
                    4.7 pbgo: 基于Protobuf的框架
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.8" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-08-grpcurl.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-08-grpcurl.html">
    
                    
                    4.8 grpcurl工具
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.9" data-path="../ch4-rpc/ch4-09-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch4-rpc/ch4-09-ext.html">
    
                    
                    4.9 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5" data-path="readme.html">
  
  <a href="readme.html">
    
                    
                    第5章 Go和Web
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.1" data-path="ch5-01-introduction.html">
  
  <a href="ch5-01-introduction.html">
    
                    
                    5.1 Web开发简介
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.2" data-path="ch5-02-router.html">
  
  <a href="ch5-02-router.html">
    
                    
                    5.2 Router请求路由
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.3" data-path="ch5-03-middleware.html">
  
  <a href="ch5-03-middleware.html">
    
                    
                    5.3 Middleware中间件
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.4" data-path="ch5-04-validator.html">
  
  <a href="ch5-04-validator.html">
    
                    
                    5.4 Validator请求校验
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.5" data-path="ch5-05-database.html">
  
  <a href="ch5-05-database.html">
    
                    
                    5.5 Database和数据库打交道
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.5.5.6" data-path="ch5-06-ratelimit.html">
  
  <a href="ch5-06-ratelimit.html">
    
                    
                    5.6 Ratelimit 服务流量限制
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.7" data-path="ch5-07-layout-of-web-project.html">
  
  <a href="ch5-07-layout-of-web-project.html">
    
                    
                    5.7 Layout大型web项目分层
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.8" data-path="ch5-08-interface-and-web.html">
  
  <a href="ch5-08-interface-and-web.html">
    
                    
                    5.8 interface 和 table-driven 开发
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.9" data-path="ch5-09-gated-launch.html">
  
  <a href="ch5-09-gated-launch.html">
    
                    
                    5.9 灰度发布和 A/B test
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.10" data-path="ch5-10-ext.html">
  
  <a href="ch5-10-ext.html">
    
                    
                    5.10 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6" data-path="../ch6-cloud/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/readme.html">
    
                    
                    第6章 分布式系统
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.1" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-01-dist-id.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-01-dist-id.html">
    
                    
                    6.1 分布式 id 生成器
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.2" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-02-lock.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-02-lock.html">
    
                    
                    6.2 分布式锁
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.3" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-03-delay-job.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-03-delay-job.html">
    
                    
                    6.3 延时任务系统
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.4" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-04-search-engine.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-04-search-engine.html">
    
                    
                    6.4 分布式搜索引擎
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.5" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-05-load-balance.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-05-load-balance.html">
    
                    
                    6.5 负载均衡
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.6" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-06-config.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-06-config.html">
    
                    
                    6.6 分布式配置管理
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.7" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-07-crawler.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-07-crawler.html">
    
                    
                    6.7 分布式爬虫
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.8" data-path="../ch6-cloud/ch6-08-ext.html">
  
  <a href="../ch6-cloud/ch6-08-ext.html">
    
                    
                    6.8 补充说明
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7" data-path="../appendix/readme.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/readme.html">
    
                    
                    附录
            
    </a>
    

    
    <ul class="articles">
      

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.1" data-path="../appendix/appendix-a-trap.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-a-trap.html">
    
                    
                    附录A: Go语言常见坑
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.2" data-path="../appendix/appendix-b-gems.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-b-gems.html">
    
                    
                    附录B: 有趣的代码片段
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>

<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.3" data-path="../appendix/appendix-c-author.html">
  
  <a href="../appendix/appendix-c-author.html">
    
                    
                    附录C: 作者简介
            
    </a>
    

    
</li>


    </ul>
    
</li>


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                                <h1 id="56-ratelimit-&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6D41;&#x91CF;&#x9650;&#x5236;">5.6 Ratelimit &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6D41;&#x91CF;&#x9650;&#x5236;</h1>
<p>&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x673A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x53EF;&#x4F9D;&#x636E;&#x5176;&#x74F6;&#x9888;&#x5206;&#x4E3A; Disk IO-bound&#xFF0C;CPU-bound&#xFF0C;Network-bound&#xFF0C;&#x5206;&#x5E03;&#x5F0F;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#x4E0B;&#x6709;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x4E5F;&#x4F1A;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x800C;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x81EA;&#x8EAB;&#x74F6;&#x9888;&#x3002;</p>
<p>web &#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x6253;&#x4EA4;&#x9053;&#x6700;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#xFF0C;&#x65E0;&#x8BBA;&#x662F;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#xFF0C;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#xFF0C;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x628A;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7ED9;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#xFF0C;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x8981;&#x8D70;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x6CA1;&#x6709; epoll/kqueue &#x4E4B;&#x7C7B;&#x7684;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684; IO &#x591A;&#x8DEF;&#x590D;&#x7528;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x6838;&#x5FC3;&#x7684;&#x73B0;&#x4EE3;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x673A;&#x6700;&#x5934;&#x75DB;&#x7684;&#x662F; C10k &#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;C10k &#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x673A;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x529E;&#x6CD5;&#x5145;&#x5206;&#x5229;&#x7528; CPU &#x6765;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#xFF0C;&#x8FDB;&#x800C;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x529E;&#x6CD5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4F18;&#x5316;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x63D0;&#x5347; CPU &#x5229;&#x7528;&#x7387;&#x6765;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x81EA;&#x4ECE; linux &#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86; epoll&#xFF0C;freebsd &#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86; kqueue&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x501F;&#x52A9;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684; API &#x8F7B;&#x677E;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x5F53;&#x5E74;&#x7684; C10k &#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x8BF4;&#x5982;&#x4ECA;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x662F;&#x548C;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x6253;&#x4EA4;&#x9053;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x74F6;&#x9888;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x5728;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x5728;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x968F;&#x7740;&#x65F6;&#x4EE3;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#xFF0C;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5BF9;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x53C8;&#x8FDB;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x5C01;&#x88C5;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x4ECA;&#x505A;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5C42;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#xFF0C;&#x51E0;&#x4E4E;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E2D;&#x770B;&#x5230; epoll &#x4E4B;&#x7C7B;&#x7684;&#x5B57;&#x773C;&#xFF0C;&#x5927;&#x591A;&#x6570;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C31;&#x53EA;&#x8981;&#x805A;&#x7126;&#x5728;&#x4E1A;&#x52A1;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x4E0A;&#x5C31;&#x597D;&#x3002;Go &#x7684; net &#x5E93;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x5E73;&#x53F0;&#x5C01;&#x88C5;&#x4E86;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684; syscall API&#xFF0C;http &#x5E93;&#x53C8;&#x662F;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x5728; net &#x5E93;&#x4E4B;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5728; Go &#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x501F;&#x52A9;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5E93;&#xFF0C;&#x5F88;&#x8F7B;&#x677E;&#x5730;&#x5199;&#x51FA;&#x9AD8;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x7684; http &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684; <code>hello world</code> &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;io&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;log&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;net/http&quot;</span>
)

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> sayhello(wr http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    wr.WriteHeader(<span class="hljs-number">200</span>)
    io.WriteString(wr, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello world&quot;</span>)
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    http.HandleFunc(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;/&quot;</span>, sayhello)
    err := http.ListenAndServe(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;:9090&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        log.Fatal(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;ListenAndServe:&quot;</span>, err)
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8861;&#x91CF;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A; web &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x541E;&#x5410;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x518D;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#xFF0C;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x4E0A;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x7684; QPS&#x3002;&#x501F;&#x52A9; wrk&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x5BB6;&#x7528;&#x7535;&#x8111; Macbook Pro &#x4E0A;&#x5BF9;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A; <code>hello world</code> &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x57FA;&#x51C6;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;Mac &#x7684;&#x786C;&#x4EF6;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-shell">CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-5257U CPU @ 2.70GHz
Core: 2
Threads: 4

Graphics/Displays:
      Chipset Model: Intel Iris Graphics 6100
          Resolution: 2560 x 1600 Retina
    Memory Slots:
          Size: 4 GB
          Speed: 1867 MHz
          Size: 4 GB
          Speed: 1867 MHz
Storage:
          Size: 250.14 GB (250,140,319,744 bytes)
          Media Name: APPLE SSD SM0256G Media
          Size: 250.14 GB (250,140,319,744 bytes)
          Medium Type: SSD
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-shell">~ &#x276F;&#x276F;&#x276F; wrk -c 10 -d 10s -t10 http://localhost:9090
Running 10s test @ http://localhost:9090
  10 threads and 10 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   339.99us    1.28ms  44.43ms   98.29%
    Req/Sec     4.49k   656.81     7.47k    73.36%
  449588 requests in 10.10s, 54.88MB read
Requests/sec:  44513.22
Transfer/sec:      5.43MB

~ &#x276F;&#x276F;&#x276F; wrk -c 10 -d 10s -t10 http://localhost:9090
Running 10s test @ http://localhost:9090
  10 threads and 10 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   334.76us    1.21ms  45.47ms   98.27%
    Req/Sec     4.42k   633.62     6.90k    71.16%
  443582 requests in 10.10s, 54.15MB read
Requests/sec:  43911.68
Transfer/sec:      5.36MB

~ &#x276F;&#x276F;&#x276F; wrk -c 10 -d 10s -t10 http://localhost:9090
Running 10s test @ http://localhost:9090
  10 threads and 10 connections
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency   379.26us    1.34ms  44.28ms   97.62%
    Req/Sec     4.55k   591.64     8.20k    76.37%
  455710 requests in 10.10s, 55.63MB read
Requests/sec:  45118.57
Transfer/sec:      5.51MB
</code></pre>
<p>&#x591A;&#x6B21;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x5728; 4w &#x5DE6;&#x53F3;&#x7684; QPS &#x6D6E;&#x52A8;&#xFF0C;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x6700;&#x591A;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F; 40ms &#x5DE6;&#x53F3;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; web &#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x662F;&#x5F88;&#x4E0D;&#x9519;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x7EE9;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x7167;&#x6284;&#x4E86;&#x522B;&#x4EBA;&#x7684;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x9AD8;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x7684; <code>hello world</code> &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x5F88;&#x6709;&#x6210;&#x5C31;&#x611F;&#xFF1F;</p>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x8FD8;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x5BB6;&#x7528; PC&#xFF0C;&#x7EBF;&#x4E0A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x5927;&#x591A;&#x90FD;&#x662F; 24 &#x6838;&#x5FC3;&#x8D77;&#xFF0C;32G &#x5185;&#x5B58;+&#xFF0C;CPU &#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x90FD;&#x662F; Intel i7&#x3002;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5728;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x4E0A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x4F1A;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x66F4;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x7684; <code>hello world</code> &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x4E1A;&#x52A1;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x3002;&#x771F;&#x5B9E;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8981;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x5F97;&#x591A;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x4E9B;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x504F; Network-bound&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B; cdn &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3001;proxy &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF1B;&#x6709;&#x4E9B;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x504F; CPU/GPU bound&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x767B;&#x9646;&#x6821;&#x9A8C;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3001;&#x56FE;&#x50CF;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF1B;&#x6709;&#x4E9B;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x504F; Disk IO-bound&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x4E13;&#x95E8;&#x7684;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x74F6;&#x9888;&#x4F1A;&#x4F53;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x65B9;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x63D0;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x5355;&#x4E00;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#x8FD8;&#x7B97;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x78B0;&#x5230;&#x4E1A;&#x52A1;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x91CF;&#x5DE8;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x74F6;&#x9888;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x4E09;&#x4E0B;&#x4E94;&#x9664;&#x4E8C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x63A8;&#x6D4B;&#x51FA;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4ECE;&#x538B;&#x529B;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E2D;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x66F4;&#x4E3A;&#x7CBE;&#x786E;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x8BBA;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E; IO/Network bound &#x7C7B;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x8868;&#x73B0;&#x662F;&#x7F51;&#x5361;/&#x78C1;&#x76D8; IO &#x4F1A;&#x5148;&#x4E8E; CPU &#x6253;&#x6EE1;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x4F18;&#x5316; CPU &#x7684;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x63D0;&#x9AD8;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x541E;&#x5410;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x63D0;&#x9AD8;&#x78C1;&#x76D8;&#x7684;&#x8BFB;&#x5199;&#x901F;&#x5EA6;&#xFF0C;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#xFF0C;&#x63D0;&#x5347;&#x7F51;&#x5361;&#x7684;&#x5E26;&#x5BBD;&#x6765;&#x63D0;&#x5347;&#x6574;&#x4F53;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x3002;&#x800C; CPU bound &#x7C7B;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x548C;&#x7F51;&#x5361;&#x672A;&#x6253;&#x6EE1;&#x4E4B;&#x524D; CPU &#x5360;&#x7528;&#x7387;&#x63D0;&#x524D;&#x5230;&#x8FBE; 100%&#xFF0C;CPU &#x5FD9;&#x4E8E;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;IO &#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x76F8;&#x5BF9;&#x5219;&#x8F83;&#x95F2;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x65E0;&#x8BBA;&#x54EA;&#x79CD;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x6781;&#x9650;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x5806;&#x79EF;&#xFF0C;&#x8D85;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF; hang &#x6B7B;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x4F24;&#x5BB3;&#x5230;&#x7EC8;&#x7AEF;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x5206;&#x5E03;&#x5F0F;&#x7684; web &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x74F6;&#x9888;&#x8FD8;&#x4E0D;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x603B;&#x5728;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5728;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x3002;&#x975E;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x5BC6;&#x96C6;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x5F80;&#x5F80;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;&#x578B;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E93;&#x73AF;&#x8282;&#x5931;&#x5B88;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x8FD9;&#x65F6;&#x5019; web &#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x8FD8;&#x8FDC;&#x8FDC;&#x672A;&#x8FBE;&#x5230;&#x74F6;&#x9888;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x7BA1;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x74F6;&#x9888;&#x5728;&#x54EA;&#x91CC;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x8981;&#x505A;&#x7684;&#x4E8B;&#x60C5;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x6D41;&#x91CF;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="561-&#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x7684;&#x6D41;&#x91CF;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x624B;&#x6BB5;">5.6.1 &#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x7684;&#x6D41;&#x91CF;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x624B;&#x6BB5;</h2>
<p>&#x6D41;&#x91CF;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x7684;&#x624B;&#x6BB5;&#x6709;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;&#x6F0F;&#x6876;&#x3001;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x6F0F;&#x6876;&#x662F;&#x6307;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E00;&#x76F4;&#x88C5;&#x6EE1;&#x4E86;&#x6C34;&#x7684;&#x6876;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x8FC7;&#x56FA;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x6BB5;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x5373;&#x5411;&#x5916;&#x6F0F;&#x4E00;&#x6EF4;&#x6C34;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x63A5;&#x5230;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x6EF4;&#x6C34;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x4F60;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7EE7;&#x7EED;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x63A5;&#x5230;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x5C31;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x6EF4;&#x6C34;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x5219;&#x662F;&#x6307;&#x5300;&#x901F;&#x5411;&#x6876;&#x4E2D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#xFF0C;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x65F6;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4ECE;&#x6876;&#x4E2D;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x76EE;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6309;&#x7167;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6D88;&#x8017;&#x7684;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x76F8;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x8C03;&#x6574;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x653E;&#x5F03;&#x3002;</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x770B;&#x8D77;&#x6765;&#x5F88;&#x50CF;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x6709;&#x533A;&#x522B;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x6F0F;&#x6876;&#x6D41;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x901F;&#x7387;&#x56FA;&#x5B9A;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x53EA;&#x8981;&#x5728;&#x6876;&#x4E2D;&#x6709;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x62FF;&#x3002;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x8BF4;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x662F;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x7A0B;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65F6;&#x523B;&#xFF0C;&#x6709; 100 &#x4E2A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x8981;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x4E2D;&#x6709; 100 &#x4E2A;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x8FD9; 100 &#x4E2A;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x5168;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x653E;&#x8FC7;&#x53BB;&#x3002;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x5728;&#x6876;&#x4E2D;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x4E5F;&#x4F1A;&#x9000;&#x5316;&#x4E3A;&#x6F0F;&#x6876;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x3002;</p>
<p><img src="../images/ch6-06-leaky-bucket.jpg" alt="leaky bucket"></p>
<p>&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E2D;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x8F83;&#x4E3A;&#x5E7F;&#x6CDB;&#xFF0C;&#x5F00;&#x6E90;&#x754C;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x9650;&#x6D41;&#x5668;&#x5927;&#x591A;&#x6570;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x601D;&#x60F3;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x5728;&#x6B64;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x4E0A;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x7A0B;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;&#x6269;&#x5145;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982; <code>github.com/juju/ratelimit</code> &#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x51E0;&#x79CD;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7279;&#x8272;&#x7684;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x586B;&#x5145;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> NewBucket(fillInterval time.Duration, capacity <span class="hljs-keyword">int64</span>) *Bucket
</code></pre>
<p>&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x7684;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#xFF0C;fillInterval &#x6307;&#x6BCF;&#x8FC7;&#x591A;&#x957F;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x5411;&#x6876;&#x91CC;&#x653E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#xFF0C;capacity &#x662F;&#x6876;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x8D85;&#x8FC7;&#x6876;&#x5BB9;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4E22;&#x5F03;&#x3002;&#x6876;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x662F;&#x6EE1;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> NewBucketWithQuantum(fillInterval time.Duration, capacity, quantum <span class="hljs-keyword">int64</span>) *Bucket
</code></pre>
<p>&#x548C;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x7684; NewBucket &#x7684;&#x533A;&#x522B;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x6B21;&#x5411;&#x6876;&#x4E2D;&#x653E;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x653E; quantum &#x4E2A;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> NewBucketWithRate(rate <span class="hljs-keyword">float64</span>, capacity <span class="hljs-keyword">int64</span>) *Bucket
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5C31;&#x6709;&#x70B9;&#x7279;&#x6B8A;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x6309;&#x7167;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#x6BD4;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x79D2;&#x949F;&#x586B;&#x5145;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982; capacity &#x662F; 100&#xFF0C;&#x800C; rate &#x662F; 0.1&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x6BCF;&#x79D2;&#x4F1A;&#x586B;&#x5145; 10 &#x4E2A;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4ECE;&#x6876;&#x4E2D;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x4E5F;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x51E0;&#x4E2A; API&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (tb *Bucket) Take(count <span class="hljs-keyword">int64</span>) time.Duration {}
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (tb *Bucket) TakeAvailable(count <span class="hljs-keyword">int64</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">int64</span> {}
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (tb *Bucket) TakeMaxDuration(count <span class="hljs-keyword">int64</span>, maxWait time.Duration) (time.Duration, <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>) {}
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (tb *Bucket) Wait(count <span class="hljs-keyword">int64</span>) {}
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (tb *Bucket) WaitMaxDuration(count <span class="hljs-keyword">int64</span>, maxWait time.Duration) <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> {}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x548C;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x90FD;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x76F4;&#x89C2;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x5C31;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x8D58;&#x8FF0;&#x4E86;&#x3002;&#x76F8;&#x6BD4;&#x4E8E;&#x5F00;&#x6E90;&#x754C;&#x66F4;&#x4E3A;&#x6709;&#x540D;&#x7684; google &#x7684; Java &#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x5E93; Guava &#x4E2D;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684; ratelimiter&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5E93;&#x4E0D;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x9884;&#x70ED;&#xFF0C;&#x4E14;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x7684;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x5BB9;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4E2A;&#x522B;&#x6781;&#x7AEF;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x9700;&#x6C42;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x6EE1;&#x8DB3;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x5728;&#x660E;&#x767D;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x539F;&#x7406;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6CA1;&#x529E;&#x6CD5;&#x6EE1;&#x8DB3;&#x9700;&#x6C42;&#xFF0C;&#x76F8;&#x4FE1;&#x4F60;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5F88;&#x5FEB;&#x5BF9;&#x5176;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x5E76;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x4E1A;&#x52A1;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="562-&#x539F;&#x7406;">5.6.2 &#x539F;&#x7406;</h2>
<p>&#x4ECE;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x4E0A;&#x6765;&#x770B;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x4E0A;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x8BA1;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x52A0;&#x51CF;&#x6CD5;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8BA1;&#x6570;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x52A0;&#x8BFB;&#x5199;&#x9501;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x5C0F;&#x5C0F;&#x7684;&#x601D;&#x60F3;&#x8D1F;&#x62C5;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5BF9; Go &#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x719F;&#x6089;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;&#x5F88;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x60F3;&#x5230;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528; buffered channel &#x6765;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x52A0;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x53D6;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> tokenBucket = <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{}, capacity)
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6BCF;&#x8FC7;&#x4E00;&#x6BB5;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x5411; tokenBucket &#x4E2D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0; token&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C; bucket &#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x6EE1;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x653E;&#x5F03;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">fillToken := <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() {
    ticker := time.NewTicker(fillInterval)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> &lt;-ticker.C:
            <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> tokenBucket &lt;- <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{}{}:
            <span class="hljs-keyword">default</span>:
            }
            fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;current token cnt:&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(tokenBucket), time.Now())
        }
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x628A;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x7EC4;&#x5408;&#x8D77;&#x6765;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;time&quot;</span>
)

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> fillInterval = time.Millisecond * <span class="hljs-number">10</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> capacity = <span class="hljs-number">100</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> tokenBucket = <span class="hljs-built_in">make</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">chan</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{}, capacity)

    fillToken := <span class="hljs-keyword">func</span>() {
        ticker := time.NewTicker(fillInterval)
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> &lt;-ticker.C:
                <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
                <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> tokenBucket &lt;- <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{}{}:
                <span class="hljs-keyword">default</span>:
                }
                fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;current token cnt:&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(tokenBucket), time.Now())
            }
        }
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> fillToken()
    time.Sleep(time.Hour)
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x770B;&#x770B;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-shell">current token cnt: 98 2018-06-16 18:17:50.234556981 +0800 CST m=+0.981524018
current token cnt: 99 2018-06-16 18:17:50.243575354 +0800 CST m=+0.990542391
current token cnt: 100 2018-06-16 18:17:50.254628067 +0800 CST m=+1.001595104
current token cnt: 100 2018-06-16 18:17:50.264537143 +0800 CST m=+1.011504180
current token cnt: 100 2018-06-16 18:17:50.273613018 +0800 CST m=+1.020580055
current token cnt: 100 2018-06-16 18:17:50.2844406 +0800 CST m=+1.031407637
current token cnt: 100 2018-06-16 18:17:50.294528695 +0800 CST m=+1.041495732
current token cnt: 100 2018-06-16 18:17:50.304550145 +0800 CST m=+1.051517182
current token cnt: 100 2018-06-16 18:17:50.313970334 +0800 CST m=+1.060937371
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728; 1s &#x949F;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x521A;&#x597D;&#x586B;&#x6EE1; 100 &#x4E2A;&#xFF0C;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x592A;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x504F;&#x5DEE;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#xFF0C;Go &#x7684;&#x5B9A;&#x65F6;&#x5668;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x5927;&#x7EA6; 0.001s &#x7684;&#x8BEF;&#x5DEE;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x5728; 1000 &#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x586B;&#x5145;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x8BEF;&#x5DEE;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x70B9;&#x8BEF;&#x5DEE;&#x65E0;&#x5173;&#x7D27;&#x8981;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x7684;&#x53D6;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x8D77;&#x6765;&#x4E5F;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#xFF0C;&#x7B80;&#x5316;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x53EA;&#x53D6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> TakeAvailable(block <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> takenResult <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> block {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> &lt;-tokenBucket:
            takenResult = <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
        }
    } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> &lt;-tokenBucket:
            takenResult = <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">default</span>:
            takenResult = <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>
        }
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> takenResult
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x9020;&#x7684;&#x9650;&#x6D41;&#x7684;&#x8F6E;&#x5B50;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x7528;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x5F00;&#x6E90;&#x7248; ratelimit &#x4E5F;&#x5982;&#x6B64;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E5F;&#x6CA1;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x53EF;&#x8BF4;&#x7684;&#x4E86;&#x3002;&#x73B0;&#x5B9E;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x6765;&#x601D;&#x8003;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x6BCF;&#x9694;&#x4E00;&#x6BB5;&#x56FA;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x5411;&#x6876;&#x4E2D;&#x653E;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8BB0;&#x4E0B;&#x4E0A;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x653E;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x4E3A; t1&#xFF0C;&#x548C;&#x5F53;&#x65F6;&#x7684;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6570; k1&#xFF0C;&#x653E;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x95F4;&#x9694;&#x4E3A; ti&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x6B21;&#x5411;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x4E2D;&#x653E; x &#x4E2A;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x5BB9;&#x91CF;&#x4E3A; cap&#x3002;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6709;&#x4EBA;&#x6765;&#x8C03;&#x7528; <code>TakeAvailable</code> &#x6765;&#x53D6; n &#x4E2A;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x65F6;&#x523B;&#x8BB0;&#x4E3A; t2&#x3002;&#x5728; t2 &#x65F6;&#x523B;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x4E2D;&#x7406;&#x8BBA;&#x4E0A;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x6709;&#x591A;&#x5C11;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x5462;&#xFF1F;&#x4F2A;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">cur = k1 + ((t2 - t1)/ti) * x
cur = cur &gt; <span class="hljs-built_in">cap</span> ? <span class="hljs-built_in">cap</span> : cur
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7528;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x5DEE;&#xFF0C;&#x518D;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x7406;&#x8BBA;&#x4E0A;&#x5728;&#x53D6;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x5C31;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#x6876;&#x91CC;&#x6709;&#x591A;&#x5C11;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x4E86;&#x3002;&#x90A3;&#x52B3;&#x5FC3;&#x8D39;&#x529B;&#x5730;&#x50CF;&#x672C;&#x5C0F;&#x8282;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x5411; channel &#x91CC;&#x586B;&#x5145; token &#x7684;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x7406;&#x8BBA;&#x4E0A;&#x662F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5FC5;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x53EA;&#x8981;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x6B21; <code>Take</code> &#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x518D;&#x5BF9;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6876;&#x4E2D;&#x7684; token &#x6570;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x7684;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x5F88;&#x50CF; <code>&#x60F0;&#x6027;&#x6C42;&#x503C;</code> &#x7684;&#x611F;&#x89C9;&#xFF1F;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x7684;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6570;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x518D;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x7684; Take &#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x5C31;&#x597D;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A; Take &#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x53EA;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5BF9;&#x4EE4;&#x724C;&#x6570;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x51CF;&#x6CD5;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#xFF0C;&#x8BB0;&#x5F97;&#x52A0;&#x9501;&#x4EE5;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x3002;<code>github.com/juju/ratelimit</code> &#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5E93;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x505A;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="563-&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x74F6;&#x9888;&#x548C;-qos">5.6.3 &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x74F6;&#x9888;&#x548C; QoS</h2>
<p>&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8BF4;&#x4E86;&#x5F88;&#x591A; CPU-bound&#x3001;IO-bound &#x4E4B;&#x7C7B;&#x7684;&#x6982;&#x5FF5;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x74F6;&#x9888;&#x4ECE;&#x5927;&#x591A;&#x6570;&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x76D1;&#x63A7;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x5730;&#x5B9A;&#x4F4D;&#x51FA;&#x6765;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x9047;&#x5230;&#x4E86;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x76D1;&#x63A7;&#x56FE;&#x7684;&#x53CD;&#x5E94;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x6700;&#x5FEB;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x6307;&#x6807;&#x5F88;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5BF9;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x65F6;&#x8FD8;&#x5E94;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6574;&#x4F53;&#x7684; QoS&#x3002;QoS &#x5168;&#x79F0;&#x662F; Quality of Service&#xFF0C;&#x987E;&#x540D;&#x601D;&#x4E49;&#x662F;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8D28;&#x91CF;&#x3002;QoS &#x5305;&#x542B;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x6027;&#x3001;&#x541E;&#x5410;&#x91CF;&#x3001;&#x65F6;&#x5EF6;&#x3001;&#x65F6;&#x5EF6;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x548C;&#x4E22;&#x5931;&#x7B49;&#x6307;&#x6807;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x6765;&#x8BB2;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4F18;&#x5316;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x6765;&#x63D0;&#x9AD8; web &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684; CPU &#x5229;&#x7528;&#x7387;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x800C;&#x63D0;&#x9AD8;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x541E;&#x5410;&#x91CF;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x541E;&#x5410;&#x91CF;&#x63D0;&#x9AD8;&#x7684;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x4F53;&#x9A8C;&#x662F;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x53D8;&#x5DEE;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x89D2;&#x5EA6;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x654F;&#x611F;&#x7684;&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x53EF;&#x7528;&#x6027;&#x4E4B;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x65F6;&#x5EF6;&#x3002;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x4F60;&#x7684;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x541E;&#x5410;&#x91CF;&#x9AD8;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x534A;&#x5929;&#x5237;&#x4E0D;&#x5F00;&#x9875;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x60F3;&#x5FC5;&#x4F1A;&#x9020;&#x6210;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x6D41;&#x5931;&#x3002;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x5927;&#x516C;&#x53F8;&#x7684; web &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x6307;&#x6807;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x5E73;&#x5747;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x65F6;&#x5EF6;&#x4E4B;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x4F1A;&#x628A;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x7684; 95 &#x5206;&#x4F4D;&#xFF0C;99 &#x5206;&#x4F4D;&#x4E5F;&#x62FF;&#x51FA;&#x6765;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x3002;&#x5E73;&#x5747;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x5728;&#x63D0;&#x9AD8; CPU &#x5229;&#x7528;&#x7387;&#x6CA1;&#x53D7;&#x5230;&#x592A;&#x5927;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x80FD; 95 &#x5206;&#x4F4D;&#x3001; 99 &#x5206;&#x4F4D;&#x7684;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x5927;&#x5E45;&#x5EA6;&#x6500;&#x5347;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x8FD9;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x5C31;&#x8981;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x63D0;&#x9AD8;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B; CPU &#x5229;&#x7528;&#x7387;&#x6240;&#x4ED8;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x4EF7;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x503C;&#x5F97;&#x4E86;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x7EBF;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x4FDD;&#x6301; CPU &#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x4F59;&#x88D5;&#x3002;</p>

                                
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